|
| Abcess |
accumulation of pus |
|
| aboral |
located in the direction away from the mouth |
|
| Adenoma |
benign mucosal tumor |
|
| Adrenalin |
physiological substance, which contracts vessels, thus it´s used to treat acute hemorrhage |
|
| Adrenalin injection |
see above |
|
| afferent loop |
part of the duodenum (sometimes the jejunum) which is changed to form a blind end only to deliver pancreatic juice and bile to the part of the intestine, which ist still transporting food |
|
| Afterloading |
special way to deliver irradation to cavities of the human body |
|
| Anal channel |
connection betwen the anus and the rectum |
|
| Anastomosis |
surgical connection (suture) between organs (i.e.: after parts have been taken out.) |
|
| Angiodysplasia |
vessel malformation of the skin or the mucous membrane, can cause hemorrhage |
|
| antegrad |
directed foreward |
|
| Anthrachinone |
substance contained in laxatives |
|
| Antral carcinoma |
cancer of the Antrum |
|
| Antral varices |
pathological dilatations of the venes in the antrum caused by liver cirrhosis |
|
| Antrum |
part of the stomach, just before the exit of the stomach |
|
| anular pancreas |
malformation of the pancreas, the organ is shaped like a ring |
|
| Aorta |
main artery of the body |
|
| Aortic aneurysm |
dilatation of the aorta, may rupture (live threatening event) |
|
| Aortic stenosis |
narrowness of the cardial valve next to the aorta |
|
| Appendix |
adjunct to the cecum |
|
| Argonplasmacoagulation |
method to coagulate and degenerate tissue |
|
| Arthrosis |
degeneration of joints |
|
| Artifact |
endoscopic finding caused by the intervention itself |
|
| Äthoxysclerol |
alcohol (high alcohol content) used to obliterate varices |
|
| Atrophy, atrophic |
process during which the mucosa gets thinner and looses glands |
|
| Azinus cell carcinoma |
pancreatic carcinoma of very specified origin (derived from the acinar cells) |
|
| Banding |
ligation of varices with rubber bands |
 |
| Barrett epithelum |
mucosal changes of the lower esophagus, precancerous lesion |
|
| B-cell |
subset of lymphocytes |
|
| Beta blocker |
medicine which lowers blood pressure, thus also the portal blood pressure |
|
| Bezoar |
lump of food in the esophagus or stomach |
|
| Billroth II, BII |
surgical procedure to resect 2/3 of the stomach |
|
| Biopsy |
taking a specimen from tissue |
|
| Biopsy forceps |
device to take out biopsy from the gastrointestinal tract through the endoscope |
|
| Bougienage |
dilatation |
|
| Brunnerom |
benign tumor originating from the glands of Brunner in the duodenum |
|
| Candida |
fungus affecting the esophagus and rarely the whole body in people with a very week immun system |
|
| Carcinoma |
malignant tumor derived from epithelial cells |
|
| Carcinoma in situ |
early cancer |
|
| Carcinoma of the cecum |
malignat tumor of the cecum, colon cancer |
|
| Cardia |
small, upper part of the stomach, representing the lower part of the esophago-gastral junction |
|
| Carzinoid |
malignant tumor derived from neuro-endocrine tissue, as opposed to the epithelum. May occurr in colon, intestine and stomach. |
|
| Cecum |
first part of the colon, it´s a blind end (only the appendix is fixed to this blind end). The ileum drains to it via the Valve of bauhini |
|
| Cervical carcinoma |
cancer of the distal part of the womb |
|
| Cholangiography, Cholangiogram |
x-ray imaging of the biliary tract filled with contrast |
|
| Cholangitis |
inflammation of the biliary tree |
|
| Cholecystectomy |
surgical removal of the gall bladder |
|
| Cholecystitis |
inflammation of the gall bladder |
|
| Cholecystolithiasis |
stones in the gall bladder |
|
| Choledocholithiasis |
stones in the biliary tract |
|
| Cholestasis |
biliary congestion |
|
| Circumference |
perimeter |
|
| Cirrhosis |
scarring of an organ, organ specific tissue gets substituted by connective tissue |
|
| Cirrhous |
scarring, getting smaller |
|
| Clip |
Metall device to close bleeding vessels or mucosal lesions |
|
| Clipping |
stopping hemorrhage by applying a clip |
|
| CLL |
chronic lymphatic leucemia |
|
| Clostridium difficile |
germ physiologically present in the colon, can cause severe diarrhea during antibiotic treatment, because it is resistent against most antibiotics |
|
| Coagulation |
process of clotting |
|
| Coagulum |
clot |
|
| Coincidence |
occurrence of two separate diseases at the same time by pure chance |
|
| Colitis |
inflammation of the colon |
|
| Colitis ulcerosa |
inflammatory bowel disease, affecting only the colon as opposed to Crohn´s disease |
|
| Collagen |
important protein of the connective tissue |
|
| Colon |
large intestine |
|
| Colon ascendens |
part of the colon located in the right lower quadrant, at the beginning of the colon |
|
| Colon carcinoma |
malignant tumor of the colon (cancer) |
|
| Colon descendens |
part of the colon located in the left lower quadrant |
|
| Colon sigmoideum |
part of the colon located in the left lower quadrant aboral to the descending colon, has got the shape of an "S" |
|
| Colon transversum |
part of the colon located in both upper quadrants |
|
| Coloscopy, colonoscopy |
endoscopic examination of the large intestine |
|
| Concrement |
stone |
|
| confluent |
two or more lesions proliferating and thus becoming one |
|
| Congenital |
potentially present already at birth |
|
| Contraindication |
Clinical situation which forbids an examination or treatment |
|
| contrast medium |
fluid, which absorbs radiation thus creating a shadow on the x-ray film. Filling hollow organs with contrast medium will outline the shape of the organ |
|
| Corpus |
middle part of the stomach |
|
| Cranial |
located above..... |
|
| Crohn´s disease |
chronic inflammation of the bowels. As opposed to ulcerative colitis, which affects only the colon, Crohn´s disease may affect the whole gastrointest´inal tract |
|
| Cryoglobulinemia |
disease resulting from proteins in the blood, which clot in response to cold temperature |
|
| CT, Computed tomography |
Radiological method based on the computer, which has to put radiological information together to achieve x-ray pictures |
|
| Cyst |
cavity filled with fluid carrying an epithelial lining |
|
| Dehydratation |
lack of water in the body |
|
| De-novo-Karzinom |
colon cancer not originating from a polyp |
|
| dexter |
right |
|
| Dilatation ballon |
Ballon filled with air or water after introduction to the organ via the endoscope to dilatate i.e a stenosis |
|
| distal |
located at the lower end, or lower than.... |
|
| Distant metastases |
tumor seeds far away from the original tumor |
|
| Diverticulitis |
inflammation of a diverticulum |
|
| Diverticulum |
sac-like pocket in the wall of hollow organs |
|
| Diverticulum of the colon |
diverticulum of the colon |
|
| Dormia basket |
retrieval basket to trapp and extract stones from the biliary duct |
|
| dorsal |
located at the back of the body |
|
| Ductus choledochus |
biliary duct, collects bile from both hepatic biliary ducts and drains into the duodenum |
|
| Ductus cysticus |
connects the gall bladder to the bile duct |
|
| Ductus hepaticus dexter |
right hepatic biliary duct |
|
| Ductus hepaticus sinister |
left hepatic biliary duct |
|
| Ductus pancreaticus |
pancreatic duct |
|
| Ductus Wirsungianus |
main duct of the pancreas, as opposed to the Ductus santonirini, which drains only a tiny portion of the pancreatic head |
|
| Duodenal bulb |
first part of the duodenum |
|
| Duodenal diverticelum |
diverticulum of the Duodenum |
|
| Duodenal lipoma |
benign tumor of the duodenum derived from the fatty tissue |
|
| Duodenal ulcer |
ulcer of the duodenum |
|
| Duodenal varices |
dilated venes in the duodenum, which carry a risk of rupture |
|
| Duodenitis |
inflammation of the duodenum |
|
| Duodenoscopy |
endoscopic examination of the duodenum |
|
| Duodenoskop |
flexible endoscope with a lateral view to focus on the papilla, used for ERCPs |
|
| Dysphagia |
difficulties swallowing liquids or food |
|
| Dysplasic epithelum |
changes of the epithelum, still benign |
|
| Edema, edematous |
swelling during inflammation, but also induced by pure water i.e. in heart failure |
|
| Endoloop |
loop made of plastic, which is deployed around huge pedunculated polyps prior to resection to prevent hemorrhage |
|
| Endoscopee |
hose - like optical instrument used to examine hollow organs like the gastrointestinal tract |
|
| Endoscopy |
using endoscopes for examination and treatment |
|
| epigastric |
located in the middle of the abdomen just below the ripp cage |
|
| Epithelum |
cells covering the mucosa |
|
| EPT |
abbreviation for sphincterotomy, papillotomy (endoscopic papillotomy) |
|
| ERCP |
endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography. Endoscopic manoevre to depict the bile duct and the pancreatic duct in order to diagnose pathological changes, but also to take biopsies, extract stones or insert stents to secure an unobstructed bile or pancreatic flow. |
|
| ERCP-catheter |
Instrument used to canulate the papilla and to fill the bile or pancreatic duct with contrast medium |
|
| Erosion, erosive |
superficial trauma to the mucosa |
|
| Erythema, erythematous |
redish changes of the skin or mucosa, secondary to an intensified blood flow |
|
| Esophagea hiatus |
gap of the diaphragm, which allows the esophagus to reach the abdominal cavity |
|
| Esophageal ulcer |
ulcer of the esophagus |
|
| Esophagus |
gullet |
|
| ESWL |
extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy, method to destroy stones by shock wave from outside the body |
|
| Etiology |
science of the origin of diseases |
|
| Excision |
resection |
|
| exophytic |
protruding from the mucosa |
|
| extraintestinal |
located outside the intestinal tract |
|
| extraperitoneal |
located outside the peritoneum |
|
| Exudation, exudative |
secretion of fluid |
|
| Exulceration |
partial destruction of the mucosa |
|
| Fibrin |
physiologic protein , important to stop bleeding and to close wounds |
|
| Fibrin clotting |
method to stop bleeding by injecting fibrin (synthetic) to the site of bleeding |
|
| filiforme |
as narrow as a thread |
|
| Fine needle biopsy |
Excision of tissue by a fine needle in order to avoid major trauma |
|
| Fissure |
rupture of the mucosa |
|
| Fistula |
pathological connection between to hollow organs |
|
| folliculär |
local ,benign, glandiforme proliferation of epithelum |
|
| Fragmentation |
cut into pieces |
|
| Fundal varices |
dilatation of venes in the fundus secondary to liver cirrhosis, rupture is live threatening |
|
| Fundus |
upper parts of the stomach |
|
| Gastrectomy |
surgical procedure to resect the stomach |
|
| Gastric lymphoma |
malignant tumor of the lymphatic tissue of the stomach |
|
| Gastric ulcer |
ulcer of the stomach (ferquence: antrum> corpus> cardia) |
|
| Gastritis |
inflammation of the stomach |
|
| Gastroenterology |
part of internal medicine dealing with the digestive organs |
|
| gastrointestinal |
related to the gastrointestinal tract |
|
| gastrointestinal stroma tumor,GIST |
semi-malignant tumor derived from the connective tissue |
|
| Gastroscopy |
endoscopic examination of the stomach |
|
| Germ ascension |
migration of germs up into usually sterile areas |
|
| Granularcell tumor |
benign tumor |
|
| Granulation tissue |
tissue, which develops a scarr |
|
| granulomatous |
made of small knots, reaction to inflammation |
|
| Guide wire |
Wire, which is inserted into the biliary/pancreatic duct.´Over a guide wire instruments more difficult to manoeuvre and also stents can be introduced easily to the duct. |
|
| Hämatochezia |
bloody stool |
|
| Hematin |
blood changed in consistence and colour by the gastric acid |
|
| Hematoma |
blood spilled to tissue i.e. after a bruise |
|
| Hemicolectomy |
resection of one half of the colon |
|
| Hemobilia |
blood in the biliary tract |
|
| hepatic |
related to the liver |
|
| Hepatic fork |
confluence of the two hepatic ducts, origin of the common biliary duct |
|
| Hepatic gastropathy |
changes of the gastric mucosa in liver cirrhosis |
|
| Hernia |
protrusion of tissue or parts of organs through a none physiologhic gap |
|
| Hiatal hernia |
partial herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity |
|
| Histoacryl |
synthetic adhesive designed to fill and obliterate varices |
|
| Histoacryl clotting |
method to fill and obliterate namely fundal varices with Histoacryl |
|
| Histology, histological |
examination of tissue and epithelum with a microscope |
|
| HNPCC |
heriditary non polyposis colon cancer - colon cancer inherited, but not developing from polyps. |
|
| Hodgkin-Lymphoma |
malignant tumor of the lymphatic tissue |
|
| Hyperplasia |
benign proliferation of mucosa cells |
|
| idiopathic |
without kown origin |
|
| Ileitis |
inflammation of the ileum |
|
| Ileitis terminalis |
inflammation of the most distal part of the ileum, often seen in Crohn´s disease |
|
| Ileum |
lower part of the small intestine |
|
| Ileus |
obstruction of the intestine |
|
| Incidence |
number of disease cases occurring in a period of time |
|
| Indication |
clinical situation warranting a certain treatment or examination |
|
| inferior |
lower than... |
|
| Infiltration |
tumor proliferating into organs |
|
| Injection needle |
needle, which can be inserted through the working channel of an endoscope to i.e. the mucosa, for examle in case of hemorrhage |
|
| intestinal |
related to the intestine |
|
| intramural |
located in the wall of an organ |
|
| intraoperative |
during an operation |
|
| intravasal |
located in a blood vessel |
|
| Intubation |
insertion of an instrument into an orifice |
|
| Inverted position |
"U"shaped position of the tip of the endoscope allowing a look back |
|
| Ischemia, ischemic |
lack of blood supply |
|
| Jaundice |
yellow pigmentation of the skin after obstruction of the biliary tree or dysfunction of the liver |
|
| Jaundice obstructive |
jaundice caused by an obstruction of the biliary tree |
|
| juxtapapillary |
located just next to the papilla |
|
| Kidney failure |
failure of the kidneys to exrete water and toxic substances |
|
| Klatskin tumor |
tumor of the biliary duct, (4 different locations I-IV) |
|
| Klysma |
enenma |
|
| Laparoscopee |
rigid endoscope surgical exploration of the peritoneal cavity |
|
| Laparoscopy |
Surgical procedure: Through little cuts in the abdominal wall a laprascope is advanced to the peritoneal cavity. The cavity is then insufflated with air, which allows to examin all peritoneal organs. |
|
| Laparotomy |
general expression for all surgical procedures opening the abdominal wall |
|
| Lavage |
rinsing a hollow organ with sterile water |
|
| Laxative |
medicine to induce bowel movements |
|
| Lesion |
injury |
|
| Leucoplakia |
precancerous lesion of superficial tissue |
|
| Ligature, to ligate |
to interrupt vessels |
|
| Linea dentata |
border between rectal mucosa and anal epithelum |
|
| Lipoma |
benign tumor of fatty tissue |
|
| Lithotripsy basket |
basket consisting of 4 strings strong enough to chrush stones |
|
| Lithtotripsy |
chrushing of stones |
|
| Lumen |
space encompassed by the walls of an hollow organ |
|
| Lymphangiectasy |
dilatation / malformation of lymphatic vessels |
|
| Lymphknot metastases |
spreading of proliferating tumorous tissue to the lymph knots |
|
| Lymphoma |
malignant tumor of the lymphatic tissue |
|
| makroscopic |
to be seen without magnification |
|
| Malignoma |
malignant tumor |
|
| MALT |
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue |
|
| MALToma |
malignant tumor derived from MALT |
|
| Mamma carcinoma |
breast cancer |
|
| MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome |
dysfunction of blood generation |
|
| Mediastinitis |
inflammation of the mediastinum |
|
| Mediastinum |
space located inbetween the thoracical organs |
|
| Melanosis coli |
black-brownish changes of the colon after ingestion of large amounts of laxatives |
|
| Mesothelioma |
malignant tumor of the pleura |
|
| Metaplasia, metaplastic |
changes of the epithelium, it develops signs of tissue of other localisations |
|
| Metastase, metastasize |
spreading of the tumor, malignant cells get transported via blood or lymphatic fluid to other sites, where they beginn to proliferate themselves |
|
| Methotrexate |
cytostatic drug used in chemotherapy protocols |
|
| Methylenblue |
dye, blue |
|
| Minor papilla |
in panreatic malformation the organ may have two orifices, the minor papilla would be the smaller one. The bile duct never drains via the minor but always via the major papilla |
|
| Monilial |
covered by fungi (Candida) |
|
| Monilial esophagitis |
inflammation of the esophagus caused by fungi, leaving white membranes on the mucosa |
|
| Monilial stomatitis |
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth by fungi |
|
| Motility |
movements of the bowels |
|
| mucinous |
mucus-like |
|
| Mucosectomy |
method of resecting parts of the (dysplastic?) mucosa by means of a cautery snare |
|
| multilocular |
located at multiple sites |
|
| Muscularis mucosae |
muscular layer of the mucosa |
|
| Necrosis, necrotic |
dead tissue |
|
| nodular |
knot-like |
|
| Non Hodgkin-Lymphoma, NHL |
malignant tumor of the lymphatic tissue |
|
| NSAID |
non-steroidal- anti-inflammatory- drugs, painkillers also with a potential to lower fever and to inhibit inflammation. As far as the gastrointestinal tract is concerned powerful inducer of ulcer disease. Especially dangerous, because the alarm symtom of ulcer induced pain is not felt. |
|
| Ostium |
orifice |
|
| Ovarian carcinoma |
ovarian cancer |
|
| Palliation, palliative |
situation, when healing is not possible / not intended, instead a pure relief of symtoms is aimed at |
|
| Palpation, palpatoric |
interpretation of changes by touching them |
|
| Pancolitis |
inflammation of the whole colon |
|
| Pancreas divisum |
malformation of the pancreas, the two roots are not properly fused. Incidence 10%, it represents a risk of chronic pancreatitis |
|
| Pancreatic enzymes |
substances needed to digest food, especially fat |
|
| Pancreatic pseudocyst |
collection of fluid in or adjacent to the pancreas. Occurrs after acute inflammation, some go into remissin spontaneously, some reach a size of more than 10 cm. Pseudocyst have to be drain only when causing symptoms |
|
| Pancreaticography, Pancreaticogram |
imaging of the pancreatic duct after contrast filling during ERCP |
|
| Pancreatitis |
inflammation of the pancreas |
|
| pancreatogen |
derived from the pancreas |
|
| Papilla of Vater |
muscular sphincter at the end of the bile / pancreatic duct, securung the drainage of biliary and pancreatic juice, preventing duodenal reflux |
|
| papillar adenoma |
benign proliferation of the mucosa |
|
| Papillary adenoma |
adenoma of the papilla |
|
| Papillary roof |
duodenal fold covering the papilla |
|
| Papillotoma |
cutting device mounted onto a catheter to cut the papilla electrically |
|
| Papillotomy |
During papillotomy the papillary roof isdisected to broaden the access to the biliary (pancreatic) duct, thus the sphincter is partly destroyed |
|
| paraesophageal |
located next to the esophagus |
|
| pararectal |
located next to the rectum |
|
| Parenchyma |
dspecific organ tissue i.e. of the liver |
|
| Pathological proteins |
proteins with irregular structure and irregular function |
|
| PEG |
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, method to obtain a direct tube access percutaneously to the stomach in order to feed people, who can´t swallow |
|
| Perforation |
rupture of the wall of a hollow organ |
|
| perianal |
around the anus |
|
| peridiverticular |
around the diverticulum |
|
| perifocal |
around the focus |
|
| perigastric |
around the stomach |
|
| Peristaltic |
movement to facilitate the transport of food through the gastrointestinal tract |
|
| Petechiae, petechial |
little red dots occurring in thrombopenia |
|
| Pin whole biopsy |
multiple biopsies at exactly the same site in order to obtain tissue from deeper layer, i.e. the submucosa |
|
| plain x- ray |
x-ray without contrast medium |
|
| Plica angularis |
the stomach is formed a bit like a hook, the fold at the inner side of the bend is called Plica angularis |
|
| polycyclic |
outer margines very irregular, not round |
|
| Polyp |
benign tumor, can occurr in every organ. In the gastrointestinal tract colon polyps are most frequent. They have to be removed because they might develop cancer |
|
| Polypectomy |
removal of a polyp, most of the times endoscopically |
|
| Polypectomy snare |
loop used to remove polyps |
|
| polypoid |
polyp-like |
|
| portal hpertensive colopathy |
changes of the colon mucosa in portal hypertension |
|
| portal hpertensive gastropathy |
changes of the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension |
|
| Portal vein |
vein, which collects the blood from the abdominal organs to deliver it to the liver |
|
| portal vein pressure |
blood pressure in the portal vein. Decisive for the development of varices (esophageal, antral, fundal.......), and ascitic fluid (free fluid in the peritineal cavity). In liver cirrhosis the pressure is increasing because the blood can´t traverse the scarred liver. Treatment aims at lowering this pressure by drugs. |
|
| postoperative |
after a surgical intervention |
|
| Precancerosis, precancerous |
lesion with a potential to develop cancer with a specific relative risk |
|
| precardial |
located before or proximal or above the cardia |
|
| precut |
method of cutting the papilla, when a canulation of the papilla has failed before |
|
| Premedication |
drugs given before an interventation most often to sedate a patient |
|
| prepapillary |
located proximal to the or above the papilla in the biliary (pancreatic) duct |
|
| prepyloric |
located before or proximal to the gastric exit |
|
| prestenotic |
located before or above a stenosis |
|
| prestenotic dilatation |
dilatation occuring proximal to a stenosis |
|
| Prismatic epithelum |
epithelum of the gastrointestinal tract with the exception of the esophagus |
|
| Proctitis |
inflammation of the lower parts of the rectum |
|
| Proton pump inhibitors |
drugs to inhibit the production of gastric acid |
|
| proximal |
located before.... located above...... (related to the direction of function) |
|
| Pruritus |
feeling of itching |
|
| Pseudocyst |
cavity filled with fluid, but without a special epithelial lining |
|
| pseudomembranous |
mucosal change of the colon in inflammation caused bei Clostridium difficile. The germ is normally selected by antibiotic treatment. |
|
| Pseudopolyp |
looking like a polyp, but without proliferation of tissue |
|
| Pylorus |
outlet of the stomach |
|
| Pylorusstenosis |
obstruction of the gastral outlet |
|
| radiogen |
induced by radiation |
|
| Radiogram, Radiographiy |
x-ray with contrast enhancement |
|
| Rarefication, rarefy |
diminishing of |
|
| Rectal carcinoma |
cancer of the rectum |
|
| Rectal prolaps |
part of the rectal mucusa prolapses to the outside |
|
| Rectal ulcer |
ulcer of the rectum |
|
| Rectal varices |
dilated venes developping in portal hypertension |
|
| Rectum |
last part of the colon |
|
| Rectum amputation |
surgical removal of the rectum |
|
| Recurrence, recurrent |
to occurr again (after having been treated succesfully before) |
|
| Reflux esophagitis |
inflammation of the distal esophagus caused by reflux of acid |
|
| Relaparotomy |
second laparotomy |
|
| Reposition, to repone |
to bring into the correct position |
|
| Resection |
to cut out |
|
| retrograde |
backward direction, opposite of antegrade |
|
| Retroperitoneum |
space behind the peritoneum |
|
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
chronic inflammation of the joints |
|
| Rinsing channel |
channel of the endoscope, which allows to rinsing of the endoscope´s lense while the scope is introduced to the body |
|
| Rubber band ligation |
ligation of varices with rubber bands |
|
| Seldinger manoeuvre |
insertion of a guide wire at first, application of the catheter over the guide wire. This manoeuvre allows to reduce the calibre of the first needle/catheter used to gain access |
|
| selective |
specially chosen |
|
| Sepsis, septic |
severe inflammation |
|
| sessile |
not polypoid, just a little hump |
|
| Sigma |
see colon sigmoideum |
|
| Sigmoid diverticulum |
diverziculum of the sigam |
|
| Sigmoid divertikulosis |
presence of multiple diverticula in the sigma |
|
| singular |
just one |
|
| sinister |
left |
|
| Sklerotherapy |
injecting sclerosing agents into i.e. varices to obliterate them |
|
| Snare, cautery |
electric loop made auf steel used to cut/ resect polyps |
|
| Sonography |
ultrasound |
|
| Spider naevi |
vascular malformation typical of liver cirrhosis |
|
| Squamomous epithelium |
epithelum of mucosa specially resistant to mechanical stress |
|
| Staphylococci |
kind of germs |
|
| Stapler |
automated sewing machine for surgery |
|
| Status colicus |
long lasting colic (hours, sometimes days) |
|
| Stenosis |
narrowing |
|
| Stent |
metall or plastic tube used to brige a stenosis |
|
| stercoral |
induced by (hard) stool |
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| Stroma tumor |
s. gastrointestinal stroma tumor |
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| Subileus |
near complete obstruction of the intestine |
|
| Submucosa, submucous |
layer beneath the mucosa |
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| Tamponade |
filling of a hollow organ, resulting in a halt to hemorrhage |
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| Terumo guide wire |
hydrophilic guide wire cocered by teflon |
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| thoracal |
related to the thorax |
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| Thrombopenia |
shortness of platlet |
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| Thrombosis |
obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot |
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| TIPS |
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic Shunt, method to create a connection between portal vene and the systemic circulation to reduce the portal hypertension. Since ´the device is introduced via the jugular vene on a catheter it is not a surgical operation |
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| TNM-classifcation |
international classification of malignant tumors |
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| Tracheal canula |
tube to gain acess to the bronchial tree in order to ventilate a patient |
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| transanal |
through the anus |
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| transcutanous |
through the skin |
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| Transfusion |
blood transfusion |
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| Transversum |
s. Colon transversum |
|
| tubolo-papillar adenoma |
benign proliferation of the mucosa |
|
| tubular adenoma |
benign proliferation of the mucosa |
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| Ulcer |
means a deeper lesion to the mucosa |
|
| Ulceration |
s. Ulcer |
|
| Urämia urämic |
severe kidney failure |
|
| Valve of Bauhini |
junction between the ileum and the colon - valve like |
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| Varice |
dilatation of venes. In gastroenterology varices along the gastrointestinal tract are dealt with. Varices of the gastrointestinal tract are cause of severe and live threarening hemorrhages, they develop in response to a raised portal pressure, thus they are a manifestation of congestion. |
|
| ventral |
directed to the front of the body (venter = (latin) stomach) |
|
| villous adenoma |
benign proliferation of the mucosa |
|
| vulnerable |
easy to injure |
|
| Wall stent |
metall tube, expandable after deployment over a catheter , used to treat obstruction i.e. to secure flow. Since it´s not removable it´s only indicated in malignant obstruction |
|
| Working channel |
channel used to insert i.e biopsy forceps into an endoscope |
|
| Xanthelasma |
collection of cholesterol in the skin or in the mucosa |
|